使用互斥锁mutex
互斥锁mutex存在的问题
#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <mutex>
//Linux -lpthread
using namespace std;
static mutex mux;
void TestThread()
{
    for(;;)
    {
        // 获取互斥量的锁，如果互斥量被其它线程锁定,当前线程阻塞.
        // 直到获取到互斥量的锁,当前线程继续安全访问临界区共享资源.
        // mux.lock();
        // 使用 try_lock() 避免线程在尝试获取锁时被阻塞, 如果无法立即获取到互斥量的锁, 线程继续执行其他任务或等待一段时间再重试.
        if (!mux.try_lock())
        {
            cout << "Thread ID: " << std::this_thread::get_id() << " was not able to acquire the lock\n";
            cout << "." << flush;
            this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
            continue;
        }
        cout << "==============================" << endl;
        cout << "test 001" << endl;
        cout << "test 002" << endl;
        cout << "test 003" << endl;
        cout << "==============================" << endl;
        mux.unlock();
        this_thread::sleep_for(1000ms);
    }
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // 创建 10 个线程进行
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        thread th(TestThread);
        th.detach();
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <mutex>
//Linux -lpthread
using namespace std;
static mutex mux;
void TestThread()
{
    for(;;)
    {
        //获取锁资源，如果没有则阻塞等待
        //mux.lock();
        if (!mux.try_lock())
        {
            cout << "." << flush;
            this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
            continue;
        }
        cout << "==============================" << endl;
        cout << "test 001" << endl;
        cout << "test 002" << endl;
        cout << "test 003" << endl;
        cout << "==============================" << endl;
        mux.unlock();
        this_thread::sleep_for(1000ms);
    }
}
void ThreadMainMux(int i)
{
    for (;;)
    {
        mux.lock();
        cout << i << "[in]" << endl;
        this_thread::sleep_for(1000ms);
        mux.unlock();
        // 使 CPU 有机会调度到其它线程,防止当前线程释放 mutex 锁,又锁定 mutex 锁.
        this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
    }
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        thread th(ThreadMainMux, i + 1);
        th.detach();
    }



    getchar();
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        thread th(TestThread);
        th.detach();
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}